Thermal Analysis of Laser Chemical Machining: Part I: Static Irradiation

Analysis of thermal relaxation during laser irradiation of tissue.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Thermal relaxation time (tau(r)) is a commonly-used parameter for estimating the time required for heat to conduct away from a directly-heated tissue region. Previous studies have demonstrated that temperature superposition can occur during multiple-pulse irradiation, even if the interpulse time is considerably longer than tau(r). The objectives of this study were (1) t...

Thermal Analysis of Laser Hardening for Different Moving Patterns

Transient thermal field in laser surface hardening treatment of medium carbon steel was analyzed by employing both three-dimensional analytical model and finite element model. In finite element model the laser beam was considered as a moving plane heat flux to establish the temperature rise distribution in the work-piece, while in analytical model laser beam was considered as an internal heat s...

The investigation of physical and chemical properties of collagenous tissue before and after ArF laser irradiation

Laser Machining of Graphene

Since Geim and Novoselov’s successful production of high quality graphene, its unique properties have found a number of applications. But graphene is not an exotic chemical compound; instead, it is a sheet of graphite, one atom think. Before 2008, the only way to produce graphene was through successive pealing of graphite with scotch tape until graphite flakes as thin as 1 atomic layer were lef...

Modeling the Thermal Response of Porcine Cartilage to Laser Irradiation

During laser irradiation of biological tissue, a number of physical processes take place that determine temperature elevation and thermal damage rates. Some of those important to laser–tissue interaction are: 1) propagation of light in scattering media; 2) transformation of laser light into photochemical, acoustic, or thermal energy; 3) tissue–tissue and tissue–environment heat and mass transfe...